Australia is home to some of the world's most unique and fascinating wildlife. Isolated from other continents for millions of years, Australia has developed a remarkable array of animals found nowhere else on Earth. For many travelers, encountering iconic species like kangaroos, koalas, and platypuses is a highlight of their Australian adventure.
However, responsible wildlife viewing requires knowledge, patience, and respect. This guide will help you ethically encounter Australia's amazing wildlife while ensuring both your safety and the wellbeing of the animals.
Iconic Australian Mammals
Kangaroos
Perhaps Australia's most recognizable animal, kangaroos are marsupials that carry their young in pouches. With powerful hind legs, they can hop at speeds of up to 60 km/h and jump as high as 3 meters.
Where to see them: Kangaroos are widespread across Australia, but some of the best viewing opportunities include:
- Kangaroo Island, South Australia
- Grampians National Park, Victoria
- Murramarang National Park, New South Wales
- Cape Hillsborough National Park, Queensland
Viewing tips:
- Dawn and dusk are the best times to see kangaroos when they're most active
- Keep a respectful distance (at least 15 meters) and never chase them
- Be particularly cautious around male kangaroos (bucks), which can be territorial and aggressive
- Never feed wild kangaroos—human food can cause illness and alter their natural behaviors
Koalas
These sleepy marsupials spend most of their time in eucalyptus trees, feeding on the leaves. Despite common misconceptions, koalas are not bears—they're marsupials with pouches for their young.
Where to see them:
- Great Otway National Park, Victoria
- Kennett River along Great Ocean Road, Victoria
- Kangaroo Island, South Australia
- Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary, Brisbane, Queensland
- Port Stephens, New South Wales
Viewing tips:
- Look high in eucalyptus trees, particularly river red gums and manna gums
- Koalas are most active at dawn and dusk but can often be spotted sleeping during the day
- Never attempt to touch or hold a wild koala
- If visiting a sanctuary that allows koala holding, ensure it's a reputable facility with appropriate permits
Wombats
These burrowing marsupials are sturdy, muscular animals that can weigh up to 35 kg. They're primarily nocturnal and create extensive tunnel systems with their powerful claws.
Where to see them:
- Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park, Tasmania
- Wilson's Promontory National Park, Victoria
- Kosciuszko National Park, New South Wales
Viewing tips:
- Look for wombats in the late afternoon or early evening
- Drive carefully at night in wombat areas, as they're often hit by vehicles
- Respect their space—wombats can be surprisingly fast and may charge if threatened
Unique Monotremes
Platypus
The platypus is one of the world's most unusual animals—a semi-aquatic, egg-laying mammal with a duck-like bill, beaver-like tail, and venomous spurs (in males). Seeing one in the wild is a special experience that requires patience and some luck.
Where to see them:
- Eungella National Park, Queensland
- Platypus Reserve at Broken River, Queensland
- Lake Elizabeth, Forrest, Victoria
- Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve, Australian Capital Territory
Viewing tips:
- Dawn and dusk offer the best chances of spotting a platypus
- Look for ripples on the water's surface or bubbles
- Stay quiet and patient—platypuses are shy and easily startled
- Consider joining a guided platypus-spotting tour for better chances of success
Echidna
The spiny echidna is the other monotreme (egg-laying mammal) native to Australia. These unique creatures use their long, sticky tongues to feed on ants and termites.
Where to see them:
- Kangaroo Island, South Australia
- Maria Island, Tasmania
- Various national parks across Australia
Viewing tips:
- Echidnas are more commonly spotted in warmer months
- They're often found in forested areas, heathland, and scrubby environments
- If approached, echidnas may curl into a ball of spines or attempt to dig into the ground
- Keep a respectful distance and never touch their sharp spines
Australian Birds
Kookaburras
Famous for their distinctive laughing call, kookaburras are the largest members of the kingfisher family. Their chorus often echoes through the Australian bush at dawn and dusk.
Where to see them:
- Common throughout eastern Australia's woodlands and urban areas
- Blue Mountains National Park, New South Wales
- Dandenong Ranges National Park, Victoria
Emus
The emu is Australia's largest bird and the second-largest bird in the world by height. These flightless birds can sprint at up to 50 km/h and are found across much of mainland Australia.
Where to see them:
- Exmouth and Cape Range National Park, Western Australia
- Coffin Bay National Park, South Australia
- Mungo National Park, New South Wales
Cassowaries
The southern cassowary is a magnificent but potentially dangerous bird. Standing up to 2 meters tall with vivid blue neck and red wattles, these rainforest dwellers are classified as the most dangerous bird in the world due to their powerful legs and dagger-like claws.
Where to see them:
- Daintree Rainforest, Queensland
- Mission Beach, Queensland
- Etty Bay, Queensland
Viewing tips for all birds:
- Keep a safe distance, especially from cassowaries (at least 30 meters)
- Never feed wild birds
- Use binoculars for better viewing without disturbing them
- Stay especially cautious during breeding seasons when birds may be more territorial
Reptiles of Australia
Saltwater Crocodiles
Australia's "salties" are the world's largest reptiles and can grow over 6 meters long. These ancient predators demand the utmost respect and caution.
Where to see them:
- Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory
- Daintree River, Queensland
- Mary River, Northern Territory
Safety tips:
- Only view crocodiles with professional guides or from designated safe viewing areas
- Never swim in waters where crocodiles may be present
- Obey all warning signs
- Stay at least 5 meters back from the water's edge in crocodile country
- Remember that the absence of a croc sighting doesn't mean they're not there
Snakes
Australia is home to some of the world's most venomous snakes, including the inland taipan, eastern brown snake, and tiger snake. However, snake bites are rare, and most snakes avoid human contact.
Safety tips:
- Wear closed shoes and long pants when walking in bushland
- Make noise as you walk to alert snakes of your presence, giving them time to move away
- Never attempt to touch, catch, or kill a snake
- If you see a snake, maintain a safe distance and let it pass
- Know basic first aid for snake bites: keep the victim still, apply a pressure immobilization bandage, and seek immediate medical help
Marine Wildlife
Great Barrier Reef Marine Life
The Great Barrier Reef is home to over 1,500 fish species, 215 bird species, 6 of the world's 7 marine turtle species, and numerous whales, dolphins, and sharks.
Viewing opportunities:
- Snorkeling and diving trips from Cairns, Port Douglas, or Airlie Beach
- Glass-bottom boat tours for those who prefer not to get wet
- Liveaboard diving expeditions for serious enthusiasts
Whale Watching
Australia offers excellent whale watching opportunities, particularly for humpback and southern right whales during their annual migrations.
Where to see them:
- Hervey Bay, Queensland (July-November)
- Eden, New South Wales (September-November)
- Head of Bight, South Australia (June-October)
- Albany, Western Australia (June-October)
Marine wildlife viewing tips:
- Choose eco-certified tour operators that follow wildlife viewing guidelines
- Never touch marine life, including coral
- Maintain appropriate distances from marine mammals as required by law
- Use reef-safe sunscreen to protect delicate marine ecosystems
Wildlife Sanctuaries and Zoos
For guaranteed wildlife encounters, especially if time is limited, Australia offers excellent sanctuaries and zoos that focus on conservation and education:
- Taronga Zoo (Sydney, NSW): Spectacular harbor setting with comprehensive Australian wildlife exhibits
- Australia Zoo (Sunshine Coast, QLD): Founded by Steve Irwin, focusing on interactive wildlife experiences
- Healesville Sanctuary (Yarra Valley, VIC): Specializing in native Australian wildlife in natural bushland setting
- Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary (Brisbane, QLD): World's first and largest koala sanctuary
- Currumbin Wildlife Sanctuary (Gold Coast, QLD): Long-running sanctuary with free-flight bird shows and Aboriginal experiences
Choosing ethical wildlife facilities:
- Look for accredited zoos and sanctuaries affiliated with official zoo associations
- Choose facilities that prioritize animal welfare, conservation, and education
- Avoid attractions that offer unnatural animal interactions or performances
- Research the facility's conservation programs and breeding efforts
Final Advice for Respectful Wildlife Encounters
- Keep a safe distance - Use binoculars or telephoto camera lenses to view wildlife without approaching too closely.
- Never feed wild animals - Human food can cause illness and create dangerous dependencies.
- Drive carefully - Many Australian animals are active at dawn and dusk. Reduce speed in wildlife areas, especially at these times.
- Be patient and quiet - Respect animal space and natural behaviors by observing quietly.
- Leave no trace - Take all rubbish with you and stay on designated paths to protect wildlife habitat.
- Consider a guide - Local wildlife guides know the best viewing locations and can enhance your understanding of the animals.
Australia's extraordinary wildlife is one of its greatest treasures. By approaching wildlife encounters with respect, knowledge, and patience, you'll not only ensure the wellbeing of the animals but also enjoy more meaningful and authentic experiences with these remarkable creatures.
